Human Concepts of Aging :: Sociology Age Agism Stereotype

In this article about maturing, I will concentrate not just on the cliché perspective on what maturing can intend to most, yet in addition the more extensive spotlight on the numerous ways maturing can be characterized. The exposition will see what maturing intends to various societies and verifiable periods and take a wide review of the idea from alternate points of view. In addition it will likewise talk about social components identifying with maturing. It will show the noteworthy changes of maturing verifiably and different basic factors with respect to the changes. At last, I will talk about what the progressions recommend for our future. What does the idea of maturing mean? Maturing is characterized into a definition as Changes that fundamentally decline the likelihood of endurance brought about by forms inside the person that are general, inescapable and irreversible (Schulz and Ewen, 1993 p. 5). Anyway it is a limited meaning of what maturing implies as there isn't one individual who might characterize maturing in a similar way. The vast majority of what we think and think about maturing are sentiments that mirrors the generalized and overstated perspectives about decrease and fall that are so normal in the western culture. Despite the fact that it tends to be characterized in organic terms maturing likewise has another point of view, a completely social development and the manner in which we see age differs from culture to culture and starting with one recorded period then onto the next (Coleman and O' Hanlon, 2004). Characterizing what is old to oneself relies upon what our identity is and our own social position. As indicated by the NSW Department 1989 Report of the Healthy Older People Project, age is characterized diversely as per the person. For instance a clinical expert would state post-menopausal ladies and resigned men as being old. To a fifteen-year-old, guardians, grandparents and multi year olds would be viewed as old, and wiped out old individuals are seen as more established than sound more seasoned individuals. This shows there isn't one perfect for what old and age should mean. Since 1900 future during childbirth has expanded by over 20 years for females and guys. This along these lines has affected our meanings of mature age. NSW Health Department (1989) ordered old into gatherings. Gathering one 'youthful old' 60 years and over. Gathering two ' old' 75 years to 84 years and gathering three, the most seasoned, being 85 years and over. Besides albeit old can be characterized to Australians fairly distinctively contingent upon the individual it likewise can't be overlooked that our Australian Indigenous populace differ what mature age is indeed.

Violence And Nonviolence Essay Example For Students

Brutality And Nonviolence Essay Brutality is an issue that we as people, manage regular. Today, it seemsthat we manage it in pretty much every part of our lives. From childrenscartoons to the evening news, we are observers to its capacity and mischief. A highlydebated contention for the reasons for brutality are encompassing our homes too asour government. Regardless of the reasons for viciousness or for that reality aggressors, wehave a moral obligation must be taken for rough activities. We are giventhe decision to choose how we each need to live our lives; however before we decide,we must glance at the moral issues that encompass our decisions. Most people striveto carry on with a decent, unadulterated life. Viciousness is one of only a handful barely any cases that destroysthat great life. It is something that we move in the direction of wiping out. It is definedas a demonstration taken against another being with the aim to do hurt. We oftenconsider savagery as far as the physical attacker, yet brutality can su rfacein an assortment of ways in any event, including self-protection. Viciousness is an outcome ofconflicting interests or unresolvable contrasts. In many cases, bothparties to he struggle feel that they are correct and that their activities arejustified. Be that as it may, there are different cases in which their is a reasonable aggressorand casualty. By the by, brutality is an exceptionally entangled and troublesome issue. Byits very nature, brutality is a demonstration against life. Life, is sacrosanct. It ischerished, not out of direction of utilization, not instrumental, however for the good,intrinsic estimation of its very being. Savagery is instrumental. It is a way to anend. There is no intrinsical goodness in viciousness. Vicious acts are bad forthe purpose of savagery itself. A solitary inquiry that emerges out of the argumentof brutality and peacefulness, Is savagery ever reasonable or worthy. The twomain sorts of contentions that emerge are the self-protection worldview and pacifism. The self-preservation worldview acknowledges viciousness as a way to ensure ones life,or the life of others. This contention deciphers life as being inherently goodand for instrumental purposes, yet acknowledges deadly outcomes as a unintendedconsequence of guard. Pacifism contends that viciousness is rarely worthy. Since brutality is an instrumental demonstration, it subverts and disregards humanlife as a loved substance. Upon first assessment of these contentions, Ipreferred the self-protection worldview. I trust I am to a greater extent a pragmatist. I thoughtthat brutality was unavoidable. Regardless of the system, brutality is going to bethe final product. In any case, before the finish of the semester, I have discoveredsomething. The entire motivation behind pacifism is to change the way that brutality isinevitable. It is a development that shows people how to manage the situationsthat definitely end in savagery. It is an approach to guard life from aggressivethreats. The conservative may never chance slaughtering his adversary, paying little mind to theconsequences. Consistently, they should be aware and humane of life. Ibelieve that I have changed my view since I have a more noteworthy getting ofpacifism. From the outset, I believed that it was the path of least resistance. It was the pa th totake to maintain a strategic distance from a circumstance; regardless of the circumstance, never be brutal. Ithought of issues, for example, wars or on the off chance that somebody was attempting to execute you or yourfamily. How would someone be able to do nothing? It was a frail people answer tothe contention. At that point, all of a sudden, it struck me. We are continually talking aboutbettering the world, disposing of brutality. Indeed, we are imitativecreatures. We do what we see. How are the more youthful age of individuals going tobe peaceful when all they see is brutality. In the event that, we dont start demonstratingnonviolent, quiet acts, what are they going to mirror? We are presentingself-barrier as a reason. It is reasonable however just on the off chance that you dont plan tokill the other individual. This can be an exceptionally hazardous circumstance. When defendingyourself or another person, you are permitted brutality as long as you didnt meanto execute the a ttacker? What happens when you cannot decode the aggressor?Nothing ought to be detracted from the self-preservation reasoning. It isunderstandable and moral. It would be hard not to shield yourself from anattacker, or to support a friend or family member. Be that as it may, it just appears to me that in todaysworld, we should reconsider our ethics. Self-protection takes that life isintrinsically great and ought to never be abused. It includes that life ought to neverbe damaged however in specific cases. It appears to be a twofold norm. Pacifism is amovement to stand firm against savagery. It is giving brutal circumstances achance of inversion. In any case, the decision of pacifism is a deep rooted responsibility. .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 , .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 .postImageUrl , .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 , .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0:hover , .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0:visited , .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0:active { border:0!important; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0:active , .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u869a8b01362 4bfab036f71828696bbd0 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u869a8b013624bfab036f71828696bbd0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Telemachus And Penelope EssayOne can not be low maintenance conservative or a specific supporter of just wars. Thatis, one can not censure brutality, yet when vicious turns into an individual situation,find a reason. The equivalent in just wars. All wars must be low, not simply a few. Pacifism is a solid good stand. It is commitment to safeguarding human life, nomatter the circumstance. A radical would need to stand firm which would notallow him to fiercely shielded himself or others in any circumstance. Pacifism isdescribed as the higher calling since it observes the grandness andbeauty of being alive. In spite of the fact that the self-protection worldview is a wonderfularguments, I think it contains a couple of errors. There ought to be no excusefor hurting another person. Because another person began it, doesntmake it right or O.K. Theory

911 Commissino Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

911 Commissino Report - Essay Example Hedge in late 2002, is sanctioned to set up a full and complete record of the conditions encompassing the September 11, 2001 fear based oppressor assaults, including readiness for and the quick reaction to the assaults. The Commission is additionally ordered to give suggestions intended to prepare for future assaults. (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States)Meanwhile, to review the 9/11 assault on American, it is critical to express that the 9/11 assault was somehow or another all the more crushing. It was done by a minuscule gathering of individuals, insufficient to man a full detachment. Estimated on a legislative scale, the assets behind it were trifling. The gathering itself was dispatched by an association situated in one of the most unfortunate, generally remote, and least industrialized nations on earth. This association enrolled a blend of youthful aficionados and exceptionally taught fanatics who couldn't discover appropriate places in their home soc ial orders or were driven from them. (Chronicled Perspective)The Public Reports of the Commission was discharged on July 22, 2004, while August 21, the Commission likewise discharged two staffs monograph. In the interim, after the discharged, there were bunches of remarks from individuals in United States on her they got the last draft. Some additionally viewed the reports as Lie. The individuals who might hide reality have attempted (with some achievement) to condition people in general into partner any scrutinizing of the official rendition of occasions with the mark paranoid notion (and certainly, crazy person fear inspired notion). A second's thought will uncover this is a significant dumb case, since to address, or to give occasion to feel qualms about uncertainty, some case or story isn't in itself to advance some other case or story, and still less any hypothesis. One may (the same number of do) distrust the U.S. government's anecdote about what occurred on 9/11 without being obliged to give any clarification whatsoever regarding what occurred on that day. (The 9/11 Commission Report: A 571-Page Lie) The last report of the 9/11 commission affirms huge numbers of the board's primer discoveries that have- - or ought to have- - humiliated the Bush organization. The commission notes, Our point has not been to appoint singular fault. Our point has been to give the fullest conceivable record of the occasions encompassing 9/11 and to distinguish exercises educated. And the facts confirm that the report points to screw-ups and careless policymaking submitted during both the Bush II and Clinton organizations. However, George W. Shrub is the occupant president who needs to confront the voters in November. In spite of the fact that Republicans lately have been featuring the errors of the Clinton years, it isn't wrong for voters to concentrate on what report enlightens us concerning Bush and his organization. As an open assistance, here is a glance at a few of those basic bits. (The 9/11 Reports: Bad News to Bush) The US Political pioneers and different relations of the casualties additionally responded on how they got the last reports of 9/11 Commission. US President Bush, remarks that They've done a great activity of finding out about our nation and finding out about what turned out badly before 11 September, and making extremely stable, strong, suggestions about how to push ahead. I guaranteed them that where government needs to act, we will. There is as yet a danger. We in the legislature have a commitment to do our absolute best to defend the American individuals. (Reaction to 9/11 Reports) End: All in all, we have seen and make evaluations on the beginning of the 9/11 Commission which was initiated so as to examine the reasons for 9/11 assault on America. While individuals from the Commission appeared to

Forensic science and technology Essay Example For Students

Scientific science and innovation Essay Assault, murder, robbery, and different violations quite often leave an overwhelming imprint on the person in question. As a rule, it is difficult to distinguish the culprit a wrongdoing without legal science and the innovation it employments. Legal science permits specialists to expose the mysteries of the wrongdoing scene. Proof assembled at the wrongdoing scene assists with recognizing the liable party, murder weapon, and even the personality of the person in question (Harkawy, 1991: 276). The new advancements empowers the legal specialists to have better and quicker access to aggregated data, to be increasingly exact in the recognizable proof of casualties or delinquents, and limits the chance of improper allegations. New innovation has improved the strategies and methods that scientific researchers and law requirement specialists use, so as to give a more secure condition to others. Data innovation is one of the most significant viewpoints in measurable science. It is significant for the measurable specialists to get the undisturbed proof, for example, fingerprints left at the wrongdoing scene, as fast as could be expected under the circumstances, for progressively exact readings. Subsequently utilizing space innovation, for example, satellite correspondence, empowers the criminological specialists to assemble and digitize proof at the wrongdoing scene, enter it into an on location PC, and bar the information to an investigative lab for quick examination (Paula, 1998: 12). In this manner, because of the utilization of this innovation, legal specialists in labs can look at the proof in brief timeframe, and the chance of harm or unlawful control of the proof before the preliminary is negligible (Paula, 1998: 12). As a rule, lawbreakers wear gloves at the hour of the wrongdoing, along these lines to acquire a unique mark can be a troublesome errand. In any case, they may desert impressions, which are frequently left in strange spots, for example, a window sill, in a blossom bed or on a household item (May, 1993: 18). Electronic databases permit untalented cops to look through the national database of footwear for significant data, for example, shoe produces, or proof that connects the impression to marks from different violations scenes. This footwear database empowers the researching officials to accumulate proof against the denounced a lot quicker and it is likewise spares valuable time ( May, 1993:18). Probably the most established type of recognizable proof is the utilization of fingerprints and with the utilization of todays innovation, numerous organizations can utilize this sort of innovation to help forestall different fakes. For instance, in the mid 1990s Metro Torontos Human Services Committee (MTHSC) proposed the utilization of a finger-filtering framework so as to forestall government assistance extortion. Individuals applying for government assistance would need to put their forefinger on a scanner. In the event that their prints didn't coordinate those of somebody previously accepting advantages, they would be qualified for a platinum card, which would permit them to pull back regularly scheduled installments from any bank machine. This sort of innovation isn't being used right now, yet it is accessible and would limit government assistance extortion (Sternbergh, 1996: 64). PCs are likewise profoundly utilized in legal science. For example, PC criminological, likewise alluded to as measurable PC investigation or PC assessment can be utilized in finding the proof for salaried violations. Numerous PC measurable specialists can recuperate information from Computer Processing Units (CPUs) and programming, which may have been controlled with by somebody, who wished to crush the proof. After the information is recovered and deciphered by the PC scientific master, the proof can be utilized in an official courtroom (Computer, 1999). Despite what might be expected, PCs can likewise profit those individuals, who need to advance themselves through extortion. Office violations are, usually, difficult to identify on the grounds that the globalization of the economy and data innovation, for example, electronic cash moves have facilitated the way for the fraudster (Forensic, 1996: 12). In this manner, scientific bookkeepers skill has been utilized by numerous partnerships, so as to distinguish people, who might be occupied with salaried wrongdoing. Measurable bookkeeping is a control that manages the connection and utilization of monetary realities to legitimate issues (Forensic, 1996: 11). Because of their analytical and budgetary experience, legal bookkeepers are frequently required in the examination of misrepresentation, for example, Visa extortion, bogus fiscal summaries, bogus solicitations, control of checks, .

Police Subculture Essay

I will compose my exploration paper on police subculture and how the effects of police subculture sway the body of the law and how it identifies with wrongdoing. Police subculture is a variety of standard methods and qualities that standard law implementers actuates corresponding to their legally binding duties. Cops were positioned the fifth most upsetting employment on the planet. Since police work is unpleasant, cops need to manage numerous threatening people in general society and accordingly they have to characterized styles to deal with these exceptional situations. What I will discuss in my paper is since police subculture is so extraordinary, for example, their qualities, and convictions police share which separates them from different citizenry. Generally speaking I will discuss the convictions of police subculture mental reason for police subculture, changing police subculture and how police subculture influences our general public. Cops are individuals the general public regularly gazes upward to as encapsulations of control and defenders of peace; anyway police conduct lately has been definitely not faultless so there is an ascent in the disdain and doubt in people in general. The open does not trust anymore or regards cops forcing a wide range of changes against them. Police conduct is without a doubt disdainful sometimes particularly where minorities or ladies are concerned. At the point when we dive further into the anthropological and mental reason for this sort of conduct, we notice that police are impacted by a defective subculture that significant influences the disposition and conduct of most cops. So this subculture shows them certain qualities and convictions and on the other, it transforms the whole police network into a firm gathering importance causing attachment that is basically estranged from the overall population. As indicated by Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (1994) police subculture is a â€Å"set of standards and qualities that oversee police conduct, realized by upsetting working conditions in addition to every day collaboration with a frequently threatening public.† Police subculture is liable for giving offers a remarkable working disposition and outlook. Their character and character is significantly adjusted by the strives and qualities that they gain from existing in this subculture. The one most significant thing we notice about this subculture is the possibility of insiders and untouchables that lies at the center of every one of its qualities. Cops are continually helped to remember their job as defenders of harmony and request which turns them against the overall population as they see everybody outside the police office as a potential lawbreaker or suspect. Police subculture is likewise basically portrayed by brutality as examined demonstrates that, â€Å"Many officials are presented to a subculture of savagery where they experience demise practically day by day. The normal resident for the most part doesn't observer in a lifetime the measure of death and viciousness a cop encounters in one month.† (violanti,1995) Dr. James Fyfe, a very notable figure in the realm of law instruction and law requirement indentified some key issues with respect to police sudbulture during a police gathering in April 1992. He accepted that â€Å" attributes of the police subculture might be liable for a portion of the obvious increment in the recurrence of police compkaints. He expressed that many cops feel they are fighters in the war on wrongdoing. Fyfe said this is a war they can't win, and the acknowledgment of this prompts disappointment and outrage. â€Å"(Eric Jackso,1992) Cops are seriously influenced by the qualities that this subculture advances and underwrites. For example, cops are normally estranged from the general society which puts them at a more serious danger of being powerless against police subculture. This is on the grounds that they are consistently helped to remember the insider/pariah standard importance offering ascend to certain level of partition from people in general. This detachment begins extending with the progression of time until cops can't longer identify with the normal society this outcomes in more profound relationship with police subculture, which eventually shapes their point of view on others. Another explanation they can't identify with the general population is a direct result of the allegations that are forced against them. General society ordinarily treats then with appall and disregard, considering them answerable for defilement and sicknesses police divisions and forâ general rebellion in the general public. Fr this explanation, cops looks for approval from other police work force, which makes the internal subculture increasingly successful and amazing. (Christopher Cooper,2000) Violanti(1995) clarifies: â€Å" The foundations of disappointment radiate from the focal incongruity of American policing: Society accuses cops of the assignment of guideline an open that wouldn't like to be managed. For singular officials, the subsequent dissatisfaction is exacerbated by a to a great extent unsympathetic press, an absence of network support, and a criminal equity framework that qualities value over convenience. A feeling of cultural separation regularly results, convincing officials to together in a cautious stance.† While this word related subculture ought to have been a wellspring of motivation, it is really detested by many including some cops themselves change they understand how it harmed their vision and character. Most cops are racial one-sided as late occurrences of police mercilessness demonstrate. This is a direct result of ladies and minorities are viewed as more fragile gatherings and when they would not obey police orders, cops consider it to be an immediate assault on their position. This disposition has offered ascend to some genuine aim of police ruthlessness against residents and one such case was that of Thomas Jones of Philadelphia. Remarking on this case, a previous U.S Marine and cop Christopher Cooper (2000) connected these sort of cases to police subculture saying â€Å"Sadly, in our mid residency as cops, we educated on the â€Å"code† of the police subculture. These are standards that are quite often unreasonable. Two such standards were operable during the Jones horde assault. The first was if a resident runs from one of us, we are to beat him harshly. Another is that if a resident genuinely harms one of utilization, we are to harmed that resident much more before we carry him to the station. Also, if that resident has murdered a cop, he shouldn’t make it to the station alive.† The marcho-ism that describes police culture is likewise answerable for instances of abusive behavior at home where cops were charged for hitting their spouses and utilizing power to separate compliance. This is in reality a profoundly upsetting circumstance, ehich is presenting genuine risk that satisfaction of families where one companion is in the police office. It has been noticedâ that when many cops are local abusers despite the fact that they may not characterize their conduct in these terms. Aside from ladies and minorities, gay men likewise face genuine partiality particularly in the event that they join the police power. Kirschman(1997) composes: As with ladies, gay men are dared to need such manlu characteristics as fortitude, grit, and reliability. What's more, similar to ladies, when they show fortitude and fitness, they undermine the idea that just â€Å"manly† men can accomplish police work.

A Dangerous Method The Influence of Twitter on a Reader

A Dangerous Method The Influence of Twitter on a Reader Authors are some of the best Tweeters. Their ability to create something poignant and brief makes the 140-character limit a non-issue. They are engaged in politics and activism (politics with which I often agree). Their followers are people like me- readers, so the conversations they have are inherently interesting. This, of course, is a massive generalization. Its only true of a fictional author I’ve made up in my head out of pieces of various Tweeters that I’ve combined, Frankenstein-like, into one magnificent social media user. But there are a few examples of times when authors on my Twitter feed really have influenced my reading with their wit, conversation, and thoughts on Mad Men. I follow Salman Rushdie (@salmanrushdie). I’ve never read his work because I hear it’s difficult and I’m lazy. But then I see that he’s funny! Rushdie hosts occasional #literarysmackdowns, wherein he pits two authors against each other and lets his followers duke it out to determine who is the better (or at least better-loved) writer. He also spent a small part of yesterday making that’s-what-she-said style slightly dirty jokes that led to me putting Midnight’s Children and The Satanic Verses on my Christmas list because that’s the sort of person I am. I’ve also done this with Maureen Johnson (@maureenjohnson), who is so hilarious and goofy that I picked up The Name of the Star from the library, and Mark Twain (@marktwain), whose (obviously fake) Twitter account sends out witticisms so pithy and fantastic they encouraged me to re-read Huckleberry Finn. Other authors whose Twitter feeds have influenced me to buy (or tell other people to buy for me, yay holidays) their books include: Susan Orlean, Margaret Atwood, Erin Morgenstern, and J. Courtney Sullivan. This could probably go the other way, as well. Dr. Samuel Johnson’s (also obviously fake) Twitter account is a bit difficult to comprehend in a medium that involves scrolling through short thoughts at top speed. If I can’t get through 140 characters of him, I’m probably not going to pick up his essays any time soon. And then there are the few self-published authors who spam my Twitter feed with links to their e-books- but then, they’re Doing It Wrong. I’m not adept at predicting where social media is going, but for a reader like me- one who isn’t familiar with a lot of contemporary literature and who enjoys getting recommendations from like-minded readers- Twitter has served to increase the mountain that is my To Be Read pile. At a time when the methods by which an author sells a book are in serious flux, Twitter may become (or perhaps it already is) a serious sales tool. Following an author on Twitter keeps you abreast of when their next book comes out, where they are on their book tours, what they’re working on now, and who they are rooting for in this season of American Idol. Twitter can make previously unreachable authors accessible, and I can almost see literary students in the future reading through Margaret Atwood’s archived feed, searching for insight into her work. It has the potential to change how we read and how we approach literary criticism. Tell me- have you ever picked up a book by someone you’ve never read because of Twitter? Do you follow authors on your feed? Are you a Neo-Luddite who finds Twitter offensive and icky?

Maritime Consultative Organization - Free Essay Example

United Nations Portal Formely Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO), formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), was established in Geneva in 1948,[1] and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959. The IMCO name was changed to IMO in 1982.[2] Headquartered in London, United Kingdom, the IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations with 168 Member States and three Associate Members.[2] The IMOs primary purpose is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping. IMO is governed by an Assembly of members and is financially administered by a Council of members elected from the Assembly. The work of IMO is conducted through five committees and these are supported by technical subcommittees. Member organizations of the UN organizational family may observe the proceedings of the IMO. Observer status is granted to qualified non-governmental organizations. The IMO is supported by a permanent secretariat of employees who are representative of its members. The secretariat is composed of a Secretary-General who is periodically elected by the Assembly, and various divisions such as those for marine safety, environmental protection, and a conference section. History IMCO was formed to fulfill a desire to bring the regulation of the safety of shipping into an international framework, for which the creation of the United Nations provided an opportunity. Hitherto such international conventions had been initiated piecemeal, notably the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS), first adopted in 1914 following the Titanic disaster.[2] IMCOs first task was to update that Convention; the resulting 1960 Convention was subsequently recast and updated in 1974 and it is that Convention that has been subsequently modified and updated to adapt to changes in safety requirements and technology. When IMCO began its operations in 1958 certain other pre-existing instruments were brought under its aegis, most notable the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL) 1954. Throughout its existence IMCO, renamed the IMO in 1982, has continued to produce new and updated instruments across a wide range of maritime issues cover ing not only safety of life and marine pollution but also encompassing safe navigation, search and rescue, wreck removal, tonnage measurement, liability and compensation, ship recycling, the training and certification of seafarers, and piracy. More recently SOLAS has been amended to bring an increased focus on maritime security through the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS) and the IMO has increased its focus on air emissions from ships. Legal instruments IMO is the source of approximately 60 legal instruments that guide the regulatory development of its member states to improve safety at sea, facilitate trade among seafaring states and protect the maritime environment. The most well known is the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). IMO regularly enacts regulations, which are broadly enforced by national and local maritime authorities in member countries, such as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG). The IMO has also enacted a Port State Control (PSC) authority, allowing domestic maritime authorities such as coast guards to inspect foreign-flag ships calling at ports of the many port states. Memoranda of Understanding (protocols) were signed by some countries unifying Port State Control procedures among the signatories. Current issues Recent initiatives at the IMO have included amendments to SOLAS, which upgraded fire protection standards on passenger ships, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) which establishes basic requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers and to the Convention on the Prevention of Maritime Pollution (MARPOL 73/78), which required double hulls on all tankers. In December 2002, new amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention were enacted. These amendments gave rise to the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, which went into effect on 1 July 2004. The concept of the code is to provide layered and redundant defenses against smuggling, terrorism, piracy, stowaways, etc. The ISPS Code required most ships and port facilities engaged in international trade to establish and maintain strict security procedures as specified in ship and port specific Ship Security Plans and Port Facili ty Security Plans. The IMO is also responsible for publishing the International Code of Signals for use between merchant and naval vessels. The First Intersessional Meeting of IMOs Working Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships took place in Oslo, Norway (23-27 June, 2008), tasked with developing the technical basis for the reduction mechanisms that may form part of a future IMO regime to control greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, and a draft of the actual reduction mechanisms themselves, for further consideration by IMOs Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC). [3] The IMO has also served as a key partner and enabler of U.S. international and interagency efforts to establish Maritime Domain Awareness. Member states The list of member and associate member states is followed by the year of joining the IMO.[4] Country Year Albania 1993 Algeria 1963 Angola 1977 Antigua and Barbuda 1986 Argentina 1953 Australia 1952 Austria 1975 Azerbaijan 1995 Bahamas 1976 Bahrain 1976 Bangladesh 1976 Barbados 1970 Belgium 1951 Belize 1990 Benin 1980 Bolivia 1987 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993 Brazil 1963 Brunei 1984 Bulgaria 1960 Burma 1951 Cambodia 1961 Cameroon 1961 Canada 1948 Cape Verde 1976 Chile 1972 China 1973 Colombia 1974 Comoros 2001 Congo 1975 Cook Islands 2008 Costa Rica 1981 Cocirc;te dIvoire 1960 Croatia 1992 Cuba 1966 Cyprus 1973 Czech Republic 1993 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1973[5] Denmark 1959 Djibouti 1979 Dominica 1979 Dominican Republic 1953 Ecuador 1956 Egypt 1958 El Salvador 1981 Equatorial Guinea 1972 Eritrea 1993 Estonia 1992 Ethiopia 1975 Fiji 1983 Finland 1959 France 1952 Gabon 1976 Gambia 1979 Georgia 1993 Germany 1959 Ghana 1959 Greece 1958 Grenada 1998 Guatemala 1983 Guinea 1975 Guinea-Bissau 1977 Guyana 1980 Haiti 1953 Honduras 1954 Hungary 1970 Iceland 1960 India 1959 Indonesia 1961 Iran 1958 Iraq 1973 Ireland 1951 Israel 1952 Italy 1957 Jamaica 1976 Japan 1958 Jordan 1973 Kazakhstan 1994 Kenya 1973 Kiribati 2003 Kuwait 1960 Latvia 1993 Lebanon 1966 Liberia 1959 Libya 1970 Lithuania 1995 Luxembourg 1991 Madagascar 1961 Malawi 1989 Malaysia 1971 Maldives 1967 Malta 1966 Marshall Islands 1998 Mauritania 1961 Mauritius 1978 Mexico 1954 Moldova 2001 Monaco 1989 Mongolia 1996 Monten egro 2006 Morocco 1962 Mozambique 1979 Namibia 1994 Nepal 1979 Netherlands 1949 New Zealand 1960 Nicaragua 1982 Nigeria 1962 North Korea 1986 Norway 1958 Oman 1974 Pakistan 1958 Panama 1958 Papua New Guinea 1976 Paraguay 1993 Peru 1968 Philippines 1964 Poland 1960 Portugal 1976 Qatar 1977 Macedonia 1993 Romania 1965 Russia 1958 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2001 Saint Lucia 1980 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1981 Samoa 1996 San Marino 2002 Satilde;o Tomeacute; and Priacute;ncipe 1990 Saudi Arabia 1969 Senegal 1960 Serbia 2000 Seychelles 1978 Sierra Leone 1973 Singapore 1966 Slovakia 1993 Slovenia 1993 Solomon Islands 1988 Somalia 1978 South Africa 1995 South Korea 1962 Spain 1962 Sri Lanka 1972 Sudan 1974 Suriname 1976 Sweden 1959 Switzerland 1955 Syria 1963 Tanzania 1974 Thailand 1973 Timor-Leste 2005 Togo 1983 Tonga 2000 Trinidad and Tobago 1965 Tunisia 1963 Turkey 1958 Turkmenistan 1993 Tuvalu 2004 Ukraine 1994 United Arab Emirates 1980 United Kingdom 1949 United States 1950 Uruguay 1968 Vanuatu 1986 Venezuela 1975 Vietnam 1984 Yemen 1979 Zimbabwe 2005 Associate members Country Year Hong Kong, China 1967 Macau, China 1990 Faroe Islands, Denmark 2002

Questions Of Travel Questions Essay - 845 Words

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This tension is explored in Elizabeth Bishop’s poem ‘Questions of Travel’ the title poem of the anthology ‘Questions of Travel’ , which investigates the cognitive dissonance she experiences when analyzing the prospect of home versus away via an ‘interiorized debate’. Bishop does this through a series of rhetorical questions, posing ‘Is it lack of imagination that makes us come/ to imagined places, not just stay at home?’ By doing this, Bishop argues the significance of travel: whether we should experience the world in vitro or in vivo, imagining places atShow MoreRelatedQuestions and Answers: Playskool Travel-Lite Crib Case Study1256 Words   |  5 PagesPlayskool Travel-Lite Crib (A) Questions What could Sanfred Koltun have done differently to ensure that his product was safer for consumers? What obligations does a CEO have when staff reports from its own area of expertise? 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Gender and Negotiation - 1073 Words

Introduction-(1 page) Does gender influence how we negotiate, and how well we do? Does being a male or female affect our performance in a negotiation? Common logic tells us the answer is yes. Research concurs. Men and women differ in the way they view negotiations, the way they conduct negotiations, and even the outcome of negotiations. Being one gender puts us at an advantage to negotiate over being another gender. With the current style of negotiation, in the real world, men fare better in negotiations, such as in divorce settlements and salary negotiations than women. In the former women receive inferior settlements and in the later men receive higher raises. Why does this phenomenon exist? 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Artificial Intelligence - Present and Future Uses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2252 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Information Systems Essay Topics: Artificial Intelligence Essay Did you like this example? Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses What is the definition of Artificial Intelligence? Lets’ break it down in to individual words to get an accurate definition. First, Artificial: made by human skill; produced by humans (https://dictionary. com). Second, Intelligence: capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude for grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc. (https://dictionary. com). Therefore, if we put the two words together we create a unique and complex definition. Artificial Intelligence is defined as: tools that exhibit human intelligence and behavior including self-learning robots, expert systems, voice recognition, natural and automated translation; Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August) Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://www. unesco. org/education/educprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm. Artificial Intelligence is being used presently, and will be used in the future in numerous exciting ways. Present day uses| Future uses| Military: *Weapons *Aircraft| Games: *Chess computer| Medicine: *Joystick surgery *Computer assisted surgery| Robots: *Medicine *Workforce| Education: *Educational tools| Integration: *Cybernetics *Reverse engineering| Table 0 Present day uses: Military The two primary uses of A. I. for the Military are in their weapons and aircraft. Stanford University won a two million dollar defense department grant for building an autonomous SUV named Stanley. This vehicle navigated a 131 mile off road race course, by itself, in six hours and fifty-three minutes. It eventually won the race against another autonomous vehicle. Its average land speed was 19. 1 mph, which is the average speed of a Military convoy. Another type of autonomous vehicle is called the sword. Basically, it’s a miniature tank with multiple automatic weapons and a grenade launcher attached. It can be controlled remotely, but its primary use is autonom ous missions. It can navigate through a war zone and take out ground troops from behind. The sword can also be sent into a hostile situation and cause a diversion, allowing the soldiers to quell the situation; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. New military assault vehicles are being fitted with voice recognition software. This makes the communication between the on-board computer and the soldiers much faster. A soldier can speak a command into the computer while he/she is still driving, firing a weapon or tracking the enemy. The weapons are also voice command activated, so they can be fired while the soldier is conducting another duty. The main reason these vehicles are being made is to save soldiers lives, while protecting our country at the same time. This new technology will save lives, it will save even more lives as the technology grows; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. Lastly, the F-35 Lightning Multi-role fighter from Lockheed Martin is the top of the line smart fighter jet. The F-35 is equipped with voice recognition software, making pilot to plane communications faster. The weapons are also voice activated, so the pilot can multi-task in an engagement. It is also equipped with an Automatic target recognition and classification system (ATRC), which is used to identify specific targets. The ATRC system is used in tandem with an Active electronically scanned array radar system (AESA). This system has a synthetic aperture radar mapping mode to provide the pilot with more precise search and targeting capabilities. Basically, the radar system maps the general area, and gives more accurate searches and targets faster; F-35 Lightning II Multi-role Fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. erospaceweb. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/. Pr esent day uses: Medicine The medical profession uses every advance they have access to, saving lives is their main objective. The da Vinci surgical system is a revolutionary new tool used to aid surgeons during surgery. This system uses four main components; the Surgeon Console, also called the Hermes control center, where the surgeon controls the surgery, the Patient Side cart makes the surgical contact with the patient, using robotic arms to hold and use the instruments while making the small incisions for the surgery. Next is the Endo Wrist Instruments, these instruments are used to simulate human surgical movements. Each instrument has its own function, from suturing to clamping. The Wrist instruments are held on with quick release levers for quick changes during the surgery. This instrument is used to control rotating, pivoting and the force applied from the robotic arms. Finally, the Insite Vision System with high resolution 3D endoscope and image processing capabilities. This system allows the surgeon to see inside the patient during the surgery, giving the surgeon an advantage over regular surgery. The Insite vision system sends clear, filtered and noise free real time video. The following chart shows the cost of the da Vinci surgical system compared to the competitor’s; Robotic surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html. Market Information of the Robot Surgical Systems Equipment| Costs| Company Equipment Descriptions| Da Vinci Surgical System| $1 Million| Intuitive Surgical: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Zeus Robot Surgical System| $975,000| Computer Motion: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Aesop 3000| $80,000| Computer Motion: Voice-controlled endoscope-positioning robot| Hermes Control Center| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Centralized system used to network an intelligent OR| Socrates Robo tic Tele-collaboration System| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Allows shared control of Aesop 3000 from different locations| *Former Computer Motion systems that are now owned by Intuitive Surgical. Sources: Table 1 from Journal of Healthcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 As you can see the initial cost is high, but the long term health and financial benefits for the patient and hospital are amazing. The following table will illustrate these facts. Estimate of Initial investment and cost savings per heart valve surgery for da Vinci Market price Maintenance/year Physician training| $1 million $100,000 $250,000| Cost of one inpatient hospital day| $2,000| Reduced inpatient hospital days for heart procedures| 4. 5 days| Cost saving per heart procedure due to reduced hospital stay| $9,000 per heart valve| Extra procedure cost| $2000 more per operation| Surgical assistance| $175,000 for fourth arm(compared to $80,610 per year for extra OR nurse)| Sources: Table 2 from Journal of Healthcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 Salary Survey 2004. Nursing Management 35: 7 July 2004 Pages 28-32 American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2002 Present day uses: Education An abundance of people complain about the education system these days, most of them don’t like the way it works. There are two A. I. tutoring systems available now that can help the system work well. The SimBionic intelligent agent tool kit and the Task Tutor tool kit are the top of the line in A. I. assisted tutoring. The SimBionic tool kit allows the instructor to specify behaviors for simulated forces, without pre-programming. The behavior authoring tool allows the instructor to create an â€Å"entity† behavior using â€Å"drag and drop† interface to build the complex behaviors. After the behaviors are created, they can be re-used and modified for other scenarios. For example, an instructor creates a simulated battle scene where the primary group is being attac ked from three sides. The intelligent simulation automates the enemy, making the simulation more realistic, challenging and engaging; Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Simbionic tool kit. Retrieved August 9, 2010, from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm. The second tutoring system is the Task Tutor tool kit. This system allows the instructor to produce procedure templates that specify the range of â€Å"actions† that are correct within each scenario. The system will also list the knowledge and skills demonstrated as the student completes the simulation. These templates are created by the instructor without programming, using a graphical interface to show the sequences of actions to the tutoring system. When the simulation is done, the tutor shows the student what principles they had correct or incorrect. It also gives explanations why they were wrong or right. Also, the tutor will answer â€Å"what do I do now† or why do I do that† u sing hints, allowing the student to solve the problem themselves. There are many subject areas this type of learning can be used for; Stottler Henke Inc. ,(2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August,19,2010 from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm. The following graphic lists these subject areas: Future uses: Games In 1997 a computer named â€Å"Deep Blue† played and defeated the current world champion Garry Kasparov, taking the world championship from Mr. Kasparov for that year. Deep Blue is a computer that uses artificial intelligence to help make strategic decisions while playing chess. I know, this is not a future use, but the idea behind this computer has/is being expanded. Some current video games can predict what the player will do by analyzing how he/she has played in the past. Future computer games will be able to interact with the player, assisting with decision making and strategy; Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing th e ultimate promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html. Future uses: Robots Noel Sharkey, a professor of AI and robotics, believes the way that artificial intelligence is growing we could see completely autonomous robots within 40 to 50 years. Also, that they could be conducting crash site surgeries, so the injured person wouldn’t die during the trip to the O. R. They could also do the smaller, faster, and less invasive surgeries, freeing up surgeons to do the more invasive and complicated ones; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432. Mr. Sharkey also believes robots could join the workforce in the future, having robotic receptionists in doctors, lawyers, and large corporate offices. Future uses: Integration K evin Warwick, a professor of cybernetics, believes that by the year 2050 intelligent machines/robots might be dominant. Or, humans will have â€Å"upgraded† themselves to â€Å"cyborgs†. If machines/robots are dominant by 2050, Mr. Warwick believes we will be living in a â€Å"terminator scenario†. If you haven’t seen the movies, humans would be living batteries to keep the machines charged up. But, he is more inclined to believe that humans will upgrade themselves with different forms of cybernetics. This means computer components will be integrated into the human body, enhancing they systems that the components are linked to; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. Ray Kurzweil, futurist, believes that by 2050 we will be past the Singularity, and we will have fully human-level AI. He also believes that we will have reverse engineered the human brain 20 years from now. He believes humans and intelligent technology will â€Å"merge† and create â€Å"hybrid† intelligence. The technological side of our merge will continue to grow intellectually,† expanding our brains capacity a billion fold by 2045†. By 2100, the expansion will be trillions of trillions fold and we will begin to expand beyond our solar system. How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. â€Å"The best way to predict the future is to invent it† – Alan Kay; Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009,p. 380, 397) Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. This statement is a, very general, way of summing up this paper. Everything I’ve spoken about in t he preceding pages started as a sparkle in the eye of a learned inventor or scientist. The only limit to the imagination of these people is the level of technology they had to begin at. In fact, most of these people were trying to advance current technology when they introduced their new ideas. Some of these ideas are just theories or, but these theories and ideas stimulate intelligent people into creating new, cutting edge technology. For this reason, artificial intelligence should be studied and researched. The present uses of A. I. re exciting, but the future of A. I. will yield many more astounding uses. â€Å"The Future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams† -Eleanor Roosevelt- References Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009, p. 380, 397). Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Definition of Artificial. https://dictionary. com Definition of Intelligent. https://dictionary. com F-35 Lightning II multi-role fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from. https://www. aerospace. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/ Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: how advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial- intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/ Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military Robotic Surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html Roosevelt, E. (n. d. ). Direct quote. Message posted to Eleanor Roosevelt quotes, archived at https://thinkexist. com/quotation/the_future_belongs_to_those_who_believe_in_the/13262. html Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), SimBionic tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. tottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 20 10 from https://stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August). Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://unesco. org/education/eduprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the ultimate promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html [ 1 ]. Singularity: the point when machine intelligence outpaces that of humans Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses Bill DeJaynes Intro to computers Dr. Kanooni August 30, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 2 Artificial Intelligence: Present and future uses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦ 2 Body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-10 Table 0†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Present day uses: Military†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Present day uses: Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦5 Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Present day uses: Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦7 Learning subject areas graphic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Future uses: Games†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦9 Future uses: Robots†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Future uses: Integration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12-13 Don’t waste time! 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Electrical Reflection - 875 Words

H igh-power laser diodes are addressing an increasing number of applications, which demand higher performance in terms of output power, power conversion efficiency and beam quality, such as additive manufacturing [1]. High output power from a single emitter can be achieved by incorporating a large gain medium, which also helps in increasing the catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) threshold. Although, laser diodes are becoming more attractive in direct applications, nevertheless, they are almost always operated with external feedback. The optics causing this feedback range from simple optics, for shaping/focusing the output beam, to sophisticated optics configurations, required for wavelength stabilization [2], and phase locking [3].†¦show more content†¦This is achieved by including spontaneous emission coupling and the spectral dependence of the gain and refractive index. Speclase also models non-linear effects (e.g. thermal lensing, spatial hole burning), which are c ommon in high-brightness lasers. The beam data produced by Speclase, in the form of near-field (NF) and far-field (FF), are converted into ray data. These ray data are used to configure the laser as a source within Optic Studio. Speclase propagates the optical fields between the rear and the front facet using 2D WA-FD-BPM. At the front facet, part of the power within the modes will reflect off the facet, while the rest will be transmitted through. The spatial superposition of transmitted powers, of all the modes, forms the near-field of the transmitted beam. The rays are propagated through the optics using OpticStudio ®, taking reflections into account. The rays returning to the laser facet are converted into optical fields, taking the phases of the rays into account. Then, the proportion coupled to each vertical mode is determined, using the overlap integral. Finally, the vertical modes, containing the coherent sum of the power coupled from the external cavity (coherently) and the internally reflected fields, are propagated by Speclase inside the laser cavity using a Fox-Li approach. This whole process is repeated until convergence. II. LASER, PARAMETERS AND EXTERNAL CAVITY SETUP For this work, we simulated a triple QW 975 nm DBRShow MoreRelatedcomparing relevant theories principles and models of reflective practice965 Words   |  4 Pagespersistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends.’ He set out five phases or aspects through which we can see a process of reflection. However using phrases such as phase and stage does give a sense of sequence, a set method and there seems to be no room for interaction or dialogue rather that the teacher reflects individually. 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The First Step in Nation Free Essays

string(45) " some did vote and held political positions\." Packed in Mt. Zion A. M. We will write a custom essay sample on The First Step in Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Church, a number of black women had gathered to hear Mary Church Terrell talk about ‘the modern women’. Oblivious of the heat and the perspiration which thoroughly soaked their dresses, the women were eager to hear what Mary Church Terrell as an educator and first president of the National Association of Coloured women had to say. The women were not disappointed, as Terrell looked like the ‘modern woman’ she was telling about. Her graceful walk and speaking captivated the crowd. She talked about educating less fortunate black women, organizing themselves and improving their communities. The representatives of different clubs had joined hands to organize the National Association of Coloured women in order to put forward a formal protest against an insulting letter written by the white president of the Missouri Press Association, James Jacks. Terrell went on to talk about Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, and other women who had worked for the race, making such a permanent impression on the women, that they were ready to follow the footsteps of their ancestors. One of the women who heard this speech was Fields, a teacher already active in community work. She was a member of Charleston City Federation of women’s club, which specialized in homemaking, helping the disadvantaged, raising funds to help wayward black girls and improving the conditions. She also helped to set up the Priscilla club which served the impoverished black areas, building homes, setting up a United Service Organization for black soldiers during the World War I and later on urging the city officials to hire black teachers. All over the country, black women were helping to shape, mold and direct the thought of their race, in time for an organized female resistance movement. The members of the National Association of Coloured women (NACW) set to solving interlocking problems involving race, gender and poverty. According to them, the problems of a race could be solved by solving the problems of its women. A story reported sixteen years before Terrell’s speech explains why that period in African- American history is known as Nadir. According to it, a 12- year old black boy narrowly escaped from being lynched by a mob of white boys, all of them in their early teenage years. As an editor of Richmond Planet, a black weekly, ‘lynching was demoralizing to young and old equally and the children did what they saw the adults doing. ’ The time from 1880 to 1930 was the most savage and demoralizing time for the black people. Lynching was a common practice and was often performed as a ritual. African- American’s loss of civil values was just one of the manifestations of the white lawlessness. Blacks were separated from whites in public, schools and related things. Black people dealt with the racism by forming their own institutions and retreated into them. The institution which thrived the most during this period was the Church. The Church became a ground for political discussions and position of power and leadership. Societies were formed by the Church or were joined with it, due to which they got a central position in black social, political and economic life. During this time of retrenchment, black women clubs rose to importance and formed sister clubs all over the country. By the time the NACW brought them together, the number was too high to keep count of. The clubs worked on one principle which was ‘self-help’. They focused on educating mothers and improving the home life. Mother clubs were formed which focused on teaching mothers about home life, educating their children, and protecting their neighborhoods. Women clubs raised money to buy lands on which they made parks, schools, colleges, libraries and hospitals. They also worked on helping black women migrate from rural areas to urban by getting them settled down in their new surroundings, which were often hostile and dangerous. Educational courses were also offered. With time the work became so much that the local federations encouraged clubs to coordinate and take bigger projects then what a single club could have not possibly handled. With time more and more clubs came under NACW, making the structure more complex and projects undertaken more sophisticated. Different departments were formed which kept on increasing with time and the projects undertaken. The philosophy behind the women clubs enabled the women to take action when at one time such was completely unthought-of. Women organization was the first step in nation making according to one of the early presidents of NACW, Josephine Silone Yates. This banding together of the black women was showing the rest of the race a way to move forward, out of the shadows of the past and a way to facing the challenges of the new era. Even with the success of the women clubs, lynching, racism, disfranchisement, race riots were still in power. An editorial in ‘women’s era’ asked the weak and timid men to step aside and let the women take charge. Women thought that the black men were more a part of the problem, claiming that the men had sold their votes for a mess of pottage. , which was something that a black woman would never do. Leaders like Anna Julia Cooper believed that black women could make a lot more headway as compared to men when it came to race problems. Association leaders thought that women would be far more suited for issues related to social welfare then men, due to their moral, nurturing and selfless nature. Cooper’s sense of confidence was nourished by the sense of equality with the black men. While whites had set their differences between men and women, blacks had no such issues. During slavery, black men and women had equal status, had endured incredible hardships along with men, due to which both sex had equal footing in matter of equality. Racism severely limited the lives of black men though some did vote and held political positions. You read "The First Step in Nation" in category "Papers" The fact that black men held a larger area then women was completely insignificant, for women who proclaimed that it was the ‘women era’. Club women didn’t compare the positions held by the men with their positions. They only thought about their goal which was the abolition of racism. Some scholars argued the differences of goals of the black women from the white. The implications of the respective goals of white and black were different because of the difference of context of black and white women’s efforts were different. The end of 19th century was good for the black people, not only because the blacks were responding to the new industrial environment but also to racism repression. Black men at this time were heavily targeted leaving behind the women to deal with the pressures of life. From it became clear that the black women were handling far more burdens then their white counterparts. Also it became clear that the black women thought that the white women were also a part of the problem. Till now the black women were considered inferior clubwomen, but now they demanded equality. Black women thought that white women would be able to play a vital role in finishing racism, lynching and their effects. But the women were soon sourly disappointed as they found out that white women had the same thoughts as their men, and when they tried to set themselves apart, they became a burden which the black women had been carrying for so long. Other then a few white women organizations, the rest of the organizations were clearly ‘anti-black’. When friendly organizations asked black women to speak, they asked the crowd to support the black women. The all-white General federation of women’s clubs (GFWC) was openly hostile and in one of their newsletters wrote an offensive story about a marriage between a black and a white. This story was like a warning against inviting black women to white women clubs. This story also indirectly told the blacks that they would always be inferior to the whites due to the ‘invisible drop’ of black blood in their veins, no matter how much they got educated or learned, traveled or had talents. Even if these actions hurt the black women, they didn’t let it discourage them from their goal. The first step to nation building was NACW’s belief that the progress of the race was marked by the progress of its women. Even the black Nationalist Martin Delany couldn’t speak about black problems because he knew nothing about the hard working men and women from the south. The position of women became strong in this case as women were the centre of the community and knew the feeling of oppression, both as a woman and as a black. When a black woman spoke, she spoke the voice of the masses, and when the black women were free, the entire black race would be free. Not only the women believed it, the black men also soon took to the notion of women leading their race. A book named ‘noted negro women’ was also written which told about the achievements of black women and the progress of Negros since slavery. Now that men and women were thinking alike, the only issue which also became a hot topic of discussion in club meetings was how women would lead the race. According to Alice White, a clubwoman from Montgomery, if thee home was at peace, then the women were in power. If homes were pure and teachings were pure, then from these homes, people with strong intellect, morals and religion would come. Others thought that woman should assume wide- ranging roles which would help the community. No one argued that home was the first battle ground or what NACW was doing for the community. Addie Dickerson believed that homes were the building blocks of a nation and if they were strong enough then the nation would be strong as well. She also believed that women had to fight against Jim Crow and join hands with both races to improve the economic conditions of black women who were working out of their homes. Women also insisted that women should vote so that they could have political rights which could help in the reforming. Cooper argued that the time had come for women’s personal independence, moral and intellectual development, political activity, and a voice of her own. These philosophies influenced the ideological discussion which was taking place between the club leaders. All women agreed to strengthen the foundation of their homes. But some wanted more, the ones who approved to suffrage and activism. The debate over this issue increased the differences between Washington and Du Boris. No matter how different the ideas or opinions of the people were, they had the same base. They had suffered humiliating experiences, rejected from clubs and moreover, they all believed that women would save the day. Black women also thought that they would stay above part politics unlike men, who were ineffective in dealing with race issues. Terrell thought that the worst a black woman could do was to bring a corrupt politician in the association, and also that it was important that women protested against the system which took away their rights. For NACW, unity didn’t come naturally. On same issues, the clubs put their best efforts to stick together. Clubwomen wanted to prove to the world that their image about black women was wrong. Black women are able to voice their concerns, their problems. When making a case, the women saw their differences and realized that not all black women could meet their standards. Also the clubwomen argued that the entire race was not equal, just as whites have their immoral class, lacks also have one. These women also questioned themselves as to why did the white people judge them only for their bad points? Club women wanted to end discrimination and wanted it to be marked their own success. NACW had already taken first step in nation building by helping others just as they help themselves. The very existence of NACW mean that black women had a defender with a national voice. The records of the club were impressive and at the end of the century it proposed a very bold plan. At the time when white women were choosing between careers or homes, NACW announced that black women will do what men do, as well as what a woman will do. Convinced that black issues were same, they spoke publicly against black men and oppression. Also they didn’t feel that their feminism would tear apart the movement into camps. The club members only saw wisdom in their approach towards black poverty, same as they saw only congruity in their race and gender. Before he even penned down the term, both conservative and activists accepted Du Boris’s philosophy. Clubwomen unlike the more modern black women leaders didn’t hesitate to represent the lower class. These women were proud of their work because they felt it was their duty to talk to them. Where all the NACW women were proud of their achievements, the also had a reason for dread. They couldn’t forever keep ignoring the differences which separated them, for some issues were too serious, too pivotal to the future of black people. The most serious issue was that the race might not raise higher then its women. Many questions rose. Will the whites accept the association? What would happen if the status didn’t rise high? What if the programs didn’t benefit the black women? In the end it was concluded that the ideology did justice to female black activism, but if it failed the entire blame would come on the women. Twentieth century progressed and with it progressed the idea that challenges would be met by more competent women who had more knowledge and experience then the women of 1896, who were sure that would change the world history. Work Cited African Americans. (n. d. ). National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, Inc. October 12, 2008. http://www. africanamericans. com/NationalAsscofColoredWomen How to cite The First Step in Nation, Papers

Teens vs. Toddlers free essay sample

When we are young we admire the great and cool things that teenagers are able to do, and all we want is to be teenagers. As the years would go by we would get more excited because our teen years were getting closer. However, when we finally reach those teenage years, we then suddenly wish we could be kids again. A teenager and a child both have their differences and similarities, but they are more different than we think; after all, they are two different ages. As teenagers we can experience some of the most memorable and toughest moments in our lives. A teenager goes through many pleasant and depressing times, whereas children do not really experience depressing moments. Teenagers could be depressed over losing a friend, getting bullied, or lack of confidence. Children also do not experience much stress as teens do. Teenagers could be stressing over how to talk to someone they like, or having a lot of homework that is due the next day. We will write a custom essay sample on Teens vs. Toddlers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Going through puberty could be another stressful situation in a teen’s life. In contrast to teenagers, young children are allowed to do basically anything they wants; children can also get away with anything. Children do not have to worry about having any hard work, or responsibilities. Children can go outside and play for hours. They can make all the mess they want and have someone else clean up after them. Life is like a wonderland for children, but as for teenagers, they have many responsibilities. Most teenagers have to go straight home after school to do chores, babysit younger siblings, do homework, and sometimes even study for exams. Some teenagers even have to pick up the responsibility of having a job to help out with household bills. Unlike teenagers, children also need more attention. Children have to be watched by their parents when they are outside playing. Parents have to even supervise children as they eat to make sure the child actually eats his/ her food. Also, a child almost always needs help, or assistance, with getting certain tasks done. For example, a child would need the assistance of a parent to bathe them, or have their parent make them food. On the other hand, teenagers do not really need to be helped with those kinds of things. When a teenager is hungry, they can go into the kitchen and prepare their own food. Contrary to children, teenagers are able to make their own decisions. Teens can choose what to wear, what to eat, or where to go. Some teens, of course, will ask for permission from their parents, but they are not really controlled by them as children are. A child has to go wherever their parents go, and have to follow what their parents tell them to do. The child might cry and throw fits, but they do not have a choice because they do not know how to make correct decisions yet. Whereas teenagers have the choice of going out with friends, or staying home. Teenagers do not necessarily always have to be by their parent’s side like a child. Although, teenagers and children have all these differences, they still have some similarities in between. A main one being is that their parents will still have to support them, and they will still have to obey their parents. Also, a child or teen cannot be fully independent yet. But as the time goes by, you will experience many different things throughout your life. Some experiences you may like, and others you may not. The important thing is to enjoy every moment that passes.